束縛 - Rust By Example
Description: Rust by Example (RBE) is a collection of runnable examples that illustrate various Rust concepts and standard libraries.

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# 束縛

いくつかの変数をまとめてマッチ対象とした場合、そのうちの一つを分岐先で使用することはそのままでは不可能です。`match`内では`@`マークを使用して変数を束縛することができます。

    // `age`関数は`u32`の値を返します。
    fn age() -> u32 {
        15
    }

    fn main() {
        println!("Tell me what type of person you are");

        match age() {
            0             => println!("I haven't celebrated my first birthday yet"),
            // Could `match` 1 ..= 12 directly but then what age
            // would the child be?
            // Could `match` n and use an `if` guard, but would
            // not contribute to exhaustiveness checks.
            // (Although in this case that would not matter since
            // a "catch-all" pattern is present at the bottom)
            // Instead, bind to `n` for the sequence of 1 ..= 12.
            // Now the age can be reported.
            n @ 1  ..= 12 => println!("I'm a child of age {:?}", n),
            n @ 13 ..= 19 => println!("I'm a teen of age {:?}", n),
            // A similar binding can be done when matching several values.
            n @ (1 | 7 | 15 | 13) => println!("I'm a teen of age {:?}", n),
            // マッチしなかった場合の処理
            n             => println!("I'm an old person of age {:?}", n),
        }
    }

`Option`のような、列挙型の値をデストラクトするためにも、束縛を利用できます。

    fn some_number() -> Option<u32> {
        Some(42)
    }

    fn main() {
        match some_number() {
            // Got `Some` variant, match if its value, bound to `n`,
            // is equal to 42.
            // Could also use `Some(42)` and print `"The Answer: 42!"`
            // but that would require changing `42` in 2 spots should
            // you ever wish to change it.
            // Could also use `Some(n) if n == 42` and print `"The Answer: {n}!"`
            // but that would not contribute to exhaustiveness checks.
            // (Although in this case that would not matter since
            // the next arm is a "catch-all" pattern)
            Some(n @ 42) => println!("The Answer: {}!", n),
            // それ以外の数値にマッチ。
            Some(n)      => println!("Not interesting... {}", n),
            // それ以外にマッチ（`None`の値）。
            _            => (),
        }
    }

### 参照

関数, 列挙型, `Option`